In the UK, there are 55 butterfly species and the Wood White butterfly is one of the rarest and most threatened species. Between 1976 and 2014, this delicate butterfly faced an 88% decline in abundance and an 89% reduction in its distribution.
The Wood White is identified by its white wings adorned with subtle grey markings and its gentle, low-to-the-ground flight pattern. In the UK, it predominantly breeds in woodland clearings and along woodland rides. However, it can also be found on coastal undercliffs, disused railway lines, and around rough, overgrown field edges. This butterfly prefers partially shaded habitats with low-lying scrub that contain its food plants which include vetches, bird’s-foot trefoil, or other legumes.
Eggs are laid in June, with caterpillars hatching after two weeks. They overwinter in the chrysalis stage, and adult butterflies emerge in May. In the warmer southern regions, a second brood can also emerge in August.
Historically, the Wood White was widespread in England and Wales. However, in 2010 only 50 existing sites were reported and it is thought that 13 of these sites have already lost their colonies.